{"id":5793,"date":"2018-02-20T12:05:01","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T11:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=5793"},"modified":"2021-10-20T17:31:26","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T15:31:26","slug":"who-was-the-klokker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/who-was-the-klokker\/","title":{"rendered":"Who was the “klokker”?"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this article, I will look at the Norwegian title “Klokker”When searching for ancestors in Norway, we sooner or later come across the word “klokker”. Searching a dictionary you might find it to be plural of “klokke” i.e. clock or watch.\u00a0However, it may be a title and it is the person with the title Klokker we will look at in this article.<\/p>\n

A “klokker” is a layperson who is assisting the minister in preparing, and during, the service.<\/p>\n

I have sometimes seen the term “klokker” be translated into “sexton” in English. Having looked at the definition of “sexton” I find it to not be a fitting translation. (Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/p>\n

I find the English words “Verger”<\/a> \u00a0or “Sacristan”<\/a> to be more fitting translations as the duties of these positions are more like the Norwegian klokker.<\/p>\n

\"\"The word “klokker” can be translated to “bellringer”. This function originates in the middle ages when the bells chimed twice a day to call to prayer. Before the Lutheran reformation, small bells were also used inside the church in connection with communion (Wikipedia<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Initially, the klokker did ring the churchbells to call to service. Many churches had, in addition to a klokker, also a “kirketjener” i.e. a church servant. Many places it was the church servants’ job to ring the bells. Some churches had bellringers in addition to church servant and “Klokker”. Today many churches have motorized bells, often engaged by a timer, so the only ringing that has to be manually initiated is the 3 times 3 bell strikes that ends the church service.<\/p>\n

The “klokker” also had and still has other duties in the preparation of the church service. He lights the lights in the Church and the candles on the altar. He prepares the vessels for the communion and water for baptisms. When hymnals came into common use, the klokker would put up the numbers of the hymns on a board in the church.<\/p>\n

The Church ordinance from 1607 states that the minister and the “klokker” should gather the children in the parish once a week to teach them the catechesis.<\/p>\n

Sometimes the “klokker” is called “Kirkesanger \u2192 Church singer” This is from the time before pipe organs became common in the churches. He was the one who led the congregation in the singing of hymns.<\/p>\n

In earlier church rituals the “klokker” used to read prayers (“klokkerb\u00f8nn”) at the opening and at the end of the service.<\/p>\n

In a time before modern communications, the minister often lived far from many of the localparishes and could not be summoned on short notice. In these cases, the “klokker” often officiated at the interment ceremony. The next time the minister visited the local parish, he would perform the final committals (“Jordfestelse”) at the grave. See Three dates of death.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
Erik Werenskiold: A peasant’s funeral [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>After public schools was established in the rural districts, the teacher often served as “klokker” as he could read and write.<\/p>\n

In the featured photo from Vestnes Church (built 1872) we see the “klokker’s” chair to the right, in the cubicle seen just behind the piano. Today the “klokker’s” duty also include being sound techician for the PA-system that most churches are fitted with.<\/p>\n

“Klokkerboken”<\/h6>\n

Prior to 1812 Norwegian church books were recorded as the minister saw fit((Lajos Juhasz, \u201cKirkeb\u00f8kene i Norge\u201d\u00a0Norsk slektshistorisk tidskrift XXVI<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(1978):pages 81-99)).<\/p>\n

Singular:\u00a0Klokkerbok,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>plural: Klokkerb\u00f8ker<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>Through a rescript in 1812 it was ordered that the church records was to be kept in preprinted books.\u00a0One important thing about the 1812 revision was that the \u201cklokker\u201d was ordered to keep a copy of the church book. It should not \u201cbe kept over night under the same roof\u201d((Nina Hveem Carlsen, \u201cPrestens bok til \u00e5ndelig og verdslig bruk,\u201d\u00a0Arkivmagasinet\u00a0<\/em>1 (2007): page 8-9)). this regulation came after the loss of many church books due to e.g. fire in the rectory.<\/p>\n

The Digitalarkivet\u00a0<\/strong>calls these records “Sexton’s book” or “Copybook”<\/p>\n

The order about keeping “klokkerb\u00f8ker” was not repeated in the new regulations of 1820, so some parishes discontinued the practice. These parishes reintroduced the “klokkerbok” in 1890 after the Norwegian bishops encouraged this((Gunnar Thorvaldsen H\u00e5ndbok i registrering og bruk av historiske persondata<\/em> Tano Aschehoug (Oslo) 1996 page 84)).<\/p>\n

If available, you should have a look in both the \u201cMinisterialbok\u201d and the \u201cKlokkerbok\u201d. Often the minister traveled around in a big parish and left his copy of the church book at the rectory. He had to resort to lose leaves to take notes of his action. Later he would copy these notes into the church book. The \u201cKlokker\u201d normally recorded the information directly into his book. If there is a divergence between the two copies I usually consider the \u201cklokkerbok\u201d as the most reliable. The \u201cklokker\u201d lived in the local community (local parish) and often knew the people in the congregation better than the minister.<\/p>\n

Click this link for a detailed look at Norwegian Church records.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this article, I will look at the Norwegian title “Klokker”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":null,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"default","_google_business_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[9,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norwegian-sources","category-norwegian-concepts"],"yoast_head":"\nWho was the "klokker"? 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These records usually satisfy the demands of a trustworthy source. They are written by a person who was present at the event (the minister), and they were recorded at, or very close to, the time of the event. 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I'm a bit mad at myself right now, but actually, I shouldn't be as I didn't know better at the time I made my mistakes. About 25 years ago I started to record\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Genealogy (general)"","block_context":{"text":"Genealogy (general)","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8029,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/lets-do-it-right-the-first-time\/","url_meta":{"origin":5793,"position":2},"title":"Let’s do it right the first time","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 4, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"A brief look at the recording of sources. I'm a bit mad at myself right now, but actually, I shouldn't be as I didn't know better at the time I made my mistakes. About 25 years ago I started to record my own ancestry. Over the years I have recorded\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Genealogy (general)"","block_context":{"text":"Genealogy (general)","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10463,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/introduction-to-the-digitalarkivet\/","url_meta":{"origin":5793,"position":3},"title":"Introduction to the Digitalarkivet","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"January 15, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"If you do family history in Norway, Digitalarkivet for Norwegian genealogy is one of the best places to start. It\u2019s Arkivverket\u2019s (the National Archives of Norway) public publishing platform for digitised and transcribed archive material, and it\u2019s free to use. What is Digitalarkivet? Think of Digitalarkivet as two things in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Digitalarkiven-for-Norwegian-genealogy.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3618,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/stories-by-and-about-norwegian-immigrants\/","url_meta":{"origin":5793,"position":4},"title":"Stories by and about Norwegian immigrants","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"January 16, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A visit to the Wisconsin Historical Society's website brought up some interesting results. Browsing the net I came by the Wisconsin Historical Society's website and came across some interesting newspaper article by and about Norwegian immigrants. The link below will take you to 46 articles by and about Norwegian immigrants\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "History"","block_context":{"text":"History","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/history\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Wis-hist-soc-2.jpg?fit=864%2C219&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Wis-hist-soc-2.jpg?fit=864%2C219&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Wis-hist-soc-2.jpg?fit=864%2C219&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Wis-hist-soc-2.jpg?fit=864%2C219&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5678,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/a-brief-introduction-to-genealogy\/","url_meta":{"origin":5793,"position":5},"title":"A brief introduction to genealogy","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"January 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a brief introduction to Norwegian genealogy. A new year means new beginnings. Be it a New Year's resolution or simply the inspiration from the blank pages in our new day planner. This introduction to Norwegian genealogy is mainly aimed at those who have not yet, or just recently\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Getting started \/ Your first steps"","block_context":{"text":"Getting started \/ Your first steps","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/starting-with-genealogy\/getting-started-your-first-steps\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Introduction-to-Norwegian-genealogy.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5793"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8356,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5793\/revisions\/8356"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}