{"id":4356,"date":"2017-04-20T16:47:43","date_gmt":"2017-04-20T15:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=4356"},"modified":"2017-04-20T22:24:03","modified_gmt":"2017-04-20T21:24:03","slug":"gothic-letters-h-s-and-f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/gothic-letters-h-s-and-f\/","title":{"rendered":"Gothic letters h, s and f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Let us look at three Gothic letters that are easy to mix up.<\/p>\n

Before you read this, you might want to have a look at my other articles about Gothic handwriting.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"The letters h, s and f in handwritten Gothic can be\u00a0easy to mix up. The “text-book” version of these letters\u00a0show\u00a0distinct differences in how they are drawn, but in the records these letters may appeare fairly similar.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
Gothic letter “h”<\/h6>\n

\"\"In my experience the letter h was often written as a Latin letter like we know it. However, we may \u00a0come across a Gothic h. In this name; “Christopher”, the first h is Latin while the second is Gothic. (In addition we se a Gothic s).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

I\"\"n this example we see the word “skoleholder” (teacher). Here the letter is\u00a0h.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"Here the name Thord.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Here is the town name Trondhjem<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
Gothic letter “s”<\/h6>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"In the next example we see the farm name “Salthammer”. \u00a0<\/strong>This is a name and should start with a capital letter. In this case the letter used is a small\u00a0s.\u00a0<\/strong>Here the h in “hammer” is latin.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Most of us have encountered this letter in the patronymicons like “Ivers\u00f8n”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\"\"The name “Lasse”. Sometimes the Gothic\u00a0s\u00a0<\/strong>is used as a single s, other times it is used as a double s. In this case the Gotic s is used in combination with a Latin s.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
The letter “f”<\/h6>\n

I am not providing any examples of word written with the letter f<\/strong>\u00a0as the Gothic and the Latin letters looks the same. As we are so used to this letter, I often identify the letter as an f<\/strong>\u00a0before I start to look closer at the word and realise that it might be a s<\/strong> or a\u00a0h<\/strong>. We should also note that in older records the letter\u00a0f<\/strong> sometimes are expressed by the combination ph<\/strong> like we saw in the name\u00a0Christopher<\/strong> above. This might be more easily recognised by English speakers as this letter combination is not uncommon in English.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\"\"Just to trow in a little spanner; here is a word that starts with a letter that looks very much like the letters we looked at above.\u00a0This is the letter capital letter\u00a0E<\/strong>\u00a0starting the word “Enkemand” – Widover<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

So, if you are struggling to find the meaning of the word you are looking at, you might try the different letters h, s and f when you check your dictionary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Let us look at three Gothic letters that are easy to mix up.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gothic-handwriting"],"yoast_head":"\nGothic letters h, s and f - 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In this part, I group common letterforms and point out the small differences that help you tell them apart\u2014especially in Norwegian church books (kirkeb\u00f8ker) and other handwritten records where \u201cGothic\u201d script was widely used. Before\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gothic handwriting"","block_context":{"text":"Gothic handwriting","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/gothic-handwriting\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pen-1035081_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pen-1035081_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pen-1035081_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5740,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/the-gothic-syllabus\/","url_meta":{"origin":4356,"position":1},"title":"The Gothic syllabus","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"January 9, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a study on the Gothic handwriting found in older Norwegian Church records.Reading old handwritten records can be hard. Some time ago I realized that I needed to get better at this. One of the big obstacles is the Gothic lettering that was used up until the late 1800s.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Life in general......"","block_context":{"text":"Life in general......","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/life-in-general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8263,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/more-free-time\/","url_meta":{"origin":4356,"position":2},"title":"More free time!","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"August 11, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Use your free time to study the Gothic handwriting you find in many Norwegian sources This is not a course in reading Gothic handwriting. This is an invitation to share my experiences when I sat down to learn to better read handwritten Norwegian sources. I published this on the blog\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gothic handwriting"","block_context":{"text":"Gothic handwriting","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/gothic-handwriting\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":745,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/gothic-handwriting-5-closing-remarks\/","url_meta":{"origin":4356,"position":3},"title":"How to read Gothic handwriting – 5","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"This is the last installment in my little study of Gothic handwriting. If this topic interests you, I recommend that you start with the first installment and read through. \u00a0 Learning to read Gothic handwriting takes time. In my exploration of studying Gothic handwriting, understanding context is key. If a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gothic handwriting"","block_context":{"text":"Gothic handwriting","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/gothic-handwriting\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/calligraphy-511183_640.jpg?fit=640%2C425&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":633,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/how-to-read-gothic-handwriting-4-letters-to-words\/","url_meta":{"origin":4356,"position":4},"title":"How to read Gothic handwriting – 4 – Letters to words","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 15, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"In this installment I will look at some words that frequently appear in church records. I hope you have had a look at the previous installments of the quest into Gothic handwriting. If not, you find them starting here. In this post, I will explain how to read Gothic handwriting,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gothic handwriting"","block_context":{"text":"Gothic handwriting","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/gothic-handwriting\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/spring-1689754_640.jpg?fit=640%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/spring-1689754_640.jpg?fit=640%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/spring-1689754_640.jpg?fit=640%2C459&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2603,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/the-gothic-letters-i-and-j\/","url_meta":{"origin":4356,"position":5},"title":"The Gothic letters “i” and “j”","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"November 6, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"When trying to read\u00a0Gothic handwriting or a printed text accurately transcribed,\u00a0the letters i and j may sometimes cause a little confusion.Reading Gothic handwriting can be a challenge for many, -myself included. In an attempt to get better at this I shared\u00a0a \"study\" I\u00a0did in Gothic handwriting. You might\u00a0want to have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gothic handwriting"","block_context":{"text":"Gothic handwriting","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/gothic-handwriting\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fountain-pen-442066_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4356"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4404,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4356\/revisions\/4404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}