{"id":4089,"date":"2017-03-19T00:34:08","date_gmt":"2017-03-18T23:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=4089"},"modified":"2025-11-16T21:38:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T20:38:37","slug":"kvens-in-norway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/kvens-in-norway\/","title":{"rendered":"Kvens in Norway"},"content":{"rendered":"

Who were the Kvens?<\/p>\n

Featured photo: Public domain (CC pdm) Foto: Tromholt, Sophus \/ Norsk Folkemuseum<\/div><\/div> Some time ago I was asked by a person in the US about an abbrevation in the 1865 Norwegian census for Finnmark county. The abbrevation was transcribed in the Digitalarkivet as “Qn”. Looking at the original census record I believe it was actually “Qv”. Anyway, you find both the abbreviations, and\u00a0we also find a single “Q” listed\u00a0 under “ethnicity.<\/p>\n

I readily admit that I had not seen this abbrevation before. Looking at the last name of the individual, this didn’t look like a Norwegian name. Considering that this was a census from Finnmark (North-Norway) I figured that these abbrevations had to mean that this person belonged to the Kven people.<\/p>\n

If we look at this transcription of the 1865 census from Alta, Finnmark,\u00a0<\/a> we find Johan Memila<\/strong>. It may not be obvious for a foreigner, but as a Norwegian I immediately suspect that Memila is not a Norwegian name. If we look at the “Ethnicity\/father’s ethnicity”\u00a0<\/strong>label (you may have to click the “more information” to see it) it says\u00a0“Qn, h\u00e6rtil 1838”.\u00a0<\/strong>In this case we get a further clue as the record states that Johan was born in Sweden.\u00a0Johan was a “V\u00e6rksarbeider” meaning that he was working for the K\u00e5fjord mining company. \u00a0Copper ore was mined at K\u00e5fjord between 1826 and 1909 (Wikipedia).<\/a>\u00a0“H\u00e6rtil 1838” means he came here in 1838.<\/p>\n

So back to the initial question; Who were the Kven people?<\/p>\n

Family of mixed Sami and Kven people Public domain (CC pdm) Foto: Wessel, Ellisif Rannveig \/ Norsk Folkemuseum. Hover mouse over picture to enlarge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kvens<\/b> (Kven\/Finnish: kveeni<\/i>, Norwegian: kvener<\/i>, Northern Sami: kveanat<\/i>) are a Finnic ethnic minority in Norway who are descended from Finnish peasants and fishermen who emigrated from the northern parts of Finland and Sweden to Northern Norway in the 18th and 19th centuries (Wikipedia)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The name “Kven” is used as early as\u00a0about 890\u00a0AD, as Ottar (Othere) from H\u00e5logaland (Norway) visited the court of \u00a0King Alfred (871\u201399) of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. He called the land to the north of Sweden\u00a0“Cwena land” (Wikipedia).<\/a><\/p>\n

The name Kvenaland is also used in Snorre Sturlason’s sagas of the kings.<\/p>\n

The first Kvens to settle in Norway came to make a living as farmers and fishermen. In 1845 there were as many as 2700 kvens who had settled in Norway (Troms and Finnmark counties). In the early 1800’s the influx of Kvens increased as the K\u00e5fjord mining company needed workers.\u00a0(Store Norske leksikon)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The mines and houses for workers in K\u00e5fjord. Public domain (CC pdm) Foto: Bugge, Anders Ragnar (1889-1955) \/ Riksantikvaren<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Who were the Kvens?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":null,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"default","_google_business_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norwegian-concepts"],"yoast_head":"\nKvens in Norway - Norwegian Genealogy and then some<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/kvens-in-norway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kvens in Norway\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Who were the Kvens?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/kvens-in-norway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Norwegian Genealogy and then some\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MartinRoeEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MartinRoeEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-18T23:34:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-16T20:38:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/NF.15006-123.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"850\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/MEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c88ba0bf75121593e21bc58cfda26790\"},\"headline\":\"Kvens in Norway\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-18T23:34:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-16T20:38:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":468,\"commentCount\":5,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c88ba0bf75121593e21bc58cfda26790\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/NF.15006-123.jpg?fit=1024%2C850&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Norwegian concepts\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/kvens-in-norway\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kvens in Norway - 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A good census hit can place your ancestor in a specific household on a specific date\u2014often with relatives, servants, lodgers, occupations, and (in later years) precise birth information. This guide is an updated and cleaned-up version of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Norwegian-census-records.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1397,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/a-quick-look-at-the-norwegian-1664-1666-census\/","url_meta":{"origin":4089,"position":1},"title":"A quick look at the Norwegian 1664-1666 census","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"April 4, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The 1664-1666 census is one of the earliest sources that are easily available to us through The Norwegian Digital archives (Digitalarkivet). It is only available in a scanned version and here is a few hints on how to get started with this census.\u00a0 The census can be accessed here\u00a0 To\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Census-1666.jpg?fit=717%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Census-1666.jpg?fit=717%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Census-1666.jpg?fit=717%2C905&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Census-1666.jpg?fit=717%2C905&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6878,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/religious-dissidents-in-the-censuses\/","url_meta":{"origin":4089,"position":2},"title":"Religious dissidents in the censuses","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"September 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is the second installment about religious dissidents in Norway. 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Here is the census 1865, showing Elisabeth Olsen living in Fredrikshald (Modern\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/stained-glass-1589648_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/stained-glass-1589648_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/stained-glass-1589648_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6128,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/surprising-finds-in-the-censuses\/","url_meta":{"origin":4089,"position":3},"title":"Surprising finds in the Censuses","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 14, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Surprising finds in the Censuses \u2013 how research in the Norwegian census set our family story straight. I received this interesting story from Kendall Gibson. It is part of the \"52 ancestors in 52 weeks\" challenge By\u00a0Kendall Gibson Wellington, New Zealand My great-grandmother Hanne Dorthea Christophersdatter appears in only one\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "52 ancestors in 52 weeks"","block_context":{"text":"52 ancestors in 52 weeks","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/52-ancestors-in-52-weeks\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/hiking.jpg?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/hiking.jpg?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/hiking.jpg?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/hiking.jpg?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7616,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/norwegian-censuses-available-at-myheritage-and-ancestry-com\/","url_meta":{"origin":4089,"position":4},"title":"Norwegian censuses available at MyHeritage and Ancestry.com","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"March 23, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"New Norwegian Census Records Added These censuses have been available for several years in the Norwegian Digitalarkivet, but are now also available at Ancestry.com and MyHeritage Ancestry.com 1891 Norway Census\u00a0(in Norwegian) 1900 Norway Census\u00a0(in Norwegian) 1910 Norway Census\u00a0(in Norwegian) Here is the link to MyHeritage's press release on the publishing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/1891-census.jpg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/1891-census.jpg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/1891-census.jpg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/1891-census.jpg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8771,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/the-1891-census-personseddel-form\/","url_meta":{"origin":4089,"position":5},"title":"The 1891 census “Personseddel” form","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"November 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"This is a translation to the \"Personseddel\" 1891 census form. I often see questions about this form in web forums. I decided to make a translation and add a few comments. As we today find the person we look for through a search in Digitalarkivet, I will only briefly mention\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ScreenShot060-kopi.jpg?fit=540%2C813&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ScreenShot060-kopi.jpg?fit=540%2C813&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ScreenShot060-kopi.jpg?fit=540%2C813&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4089"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9811,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089\/revisions\/9811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}