{"id":3927,"date":"2017-04-30T17:00:10","date_gmt":"2017-04-30T16:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=3927"},"modified":"2022-10-11T08:10:28","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T06:10:28","slug":"norwegian-patronyms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/norwegian-patronyms\/","title":{"rendered":"Norwegian patronyms"},"content":{"rendered":"

Here are a few questions about Norwegian patronyms that are often raised.
\n<\/p>\n

<\/h6>\n

A patronym<\/b>, or patronymic<\/b>, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one’s father. A component of a name based on the name of one’s mother is a matronymic, but this is very rarely seen. I have written an article about Norwegian naming<\/a> that you might want to have a look at.<\/p>\n

When we look at these questions, we need to know that the law about person names in Norway was not put in place until 1923. Before this, the only part of a person’s “identification information”\u00a0that in fact was\u00a0a name, was their given (first) name. Both the patronym and the farmname was additional information to\u00a0help identify the person. A person name recorded after 1923 should, of course, be recorded without any regards to the questions discussed here.<\/p>\n

Patronym endings<\/span><\/h6>\n

Whenever the question about what is the correct ending of the patronym in Norway is raised, we can just as well break out the popcorn. We’re in for a long night.<\/p>\n

Looking at this church record<\/a> from 1754, these names\u00a0are found on the same churchbook page.<\/p>\n

Nicolai Nielss\u00f8n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Erich Ellingsen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sometimes we see the -son ending used e. g. Hansson and hear “They are using Swedish spelling!! There must be a Swedish connection, we must look for this person in Sweden!!” Nope, the “son” ending is as Norwegian as the other two. Actually, the son ending is how the word son is pronounced in many dialects. This word was formalised with the introduction of Nynorsk. (You might want to have a look at my article about\u00a0Norwegian languages)<\/a><\/p>\n

If we were doing statistics we would find that one or the other of the endings -sen, -son and s\u00f8n occur more often in this or that Scandinavian country.

<\/div>\n\"\"As genealogists, the only thing we need to know about these endings, is that the \u00a0-sen, -son and -s\u00f8n endings all occur in Norway. If there is nothing else that indicates that the person you are looking at originates outside Norway, there is no reason to extend your search to Sweden or Denmark. If anything, the use of endings might say something about the official writing the record’s origin.<\/p>\n

When it comes to females, the two possible endings are -datter or -dotter. They are both found in Norway and neither of them indicates any foreign connection. Formally, -datter\u00a0is the Bokm\u00e5l version while -dotter is the Nynorsk version. The use of these in speech depends on dialects.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What ending should you use? A lot of genealogists will immideatly answer that we should record the names exactly as they are written in the sources. That is of course true, but most of us, at some point, will be forced to make a choice as we find the same person’s name spelled differently in different sources. Sometimes abbreviations are used such as Hanss. or Pedersd. \u00a0As I spell out the patronyms i.e. Hansson\/Pedersdotter (I use Nynorsk) I have had to make a choice. I share my views on recording names in my article How I record person names.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

A genealogist I just talked to use datter\/sen for Norwegians and dotter\/son for Swedes. I think that this differentiation sounds like a good idea when having both Norwegian and Swedish ancestry. In my opinion it really doesn’t matter what you write as long as you do it consistently. I mostly write Bokm\u00e5l, but have chosen to write my family history in Nynorsk as this is closest to the dialect we speak here in Romsdal.<\/p>\n

S’s in patronyms<\/h6>\n

\"\"Recently I saw someone asking about how many s’s there should be in a patronym. I commented on the question, but as I have had time to put some more thought into this I want to elaborate a little bit on this question.<\/p>\n

As I mentioned above; ideally we record the names as they are written in the sources. If you are forced to make a choice, you may consider the following.<\/p>\n

Looking at patronyms we need to remember that these are genitive or possessive case expressions. We are talking about someone’s son or daughter.<\/p>\n

For males there are three possibilities. You can follow the grammar rule: Hans’ son or Peder’s son \u2192 Hansson or Pedersson.\u00a0Many of\u00a0the patronyms\u00a0are today used as surnames such as\u00a0Hanson\/Pederson. If you search the Norwegian white pages you find both versions used as sunames today, but the “one s” version is by far the most common. Grammatically it would be correct to spell the patronyms with two s’s, but\u00a0as these are so commonly spelled\u00a0with one s today,\u00a0I think it is acceptable to record them this way. The third option is to go with two s’s in names that ends in s; e.g. Andreasson and one s in names that don’t; e.g Pederson. This\u00a0is entirely your choice.<\/p>\n

For females you should follow the grammar rule. Hans’ datter or Peder’s datter. (In Norwegian we don’t use apostrophe in front of genetiv s. I use it here to illustrate).<\/em> Drop the apostrophe and you’re set: Hansdatter\/Pedersdatter.<\/p>\n

I have seen some occurences of female patronyms with two s’s e.g. Hanssdatter, Andreassdatter. If we keep in mind that patronyms in fact are Genetive case, this is grammatically wrong\u00a0and, at least\u00a0to a Norwegian,\u00a0it looks wrong.<\/p>\n

Compared to other variations in the spelling of names, the number of s’s in patronyms really doesn’t have any implications for identifying the person. Based on that, in my opinion, with males you can choose. With females I would go with one s. I think it should be done consistently. You can record the different versions as alternative names.<\/p>\n

Please comment if any of this needs further clarification and share your views and experiences.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here are a few questions about Norwegian patronyms that are often raised.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norwegian-concepts"],"yoast_head":"\nNorwegian patronyms - 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This\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian concepts"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian concepts","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-concepts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/keyboard-621830_640.jpg?fit=640%2C428&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/keyboard-621830_640.jpg?fit=640%2C428&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/keyboard-621830_640.jpg?fit=640%2C428&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5144,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/missing-patronyms\/","url_meta":{"origin":3927,"position":2},"title":"Missing patronyms","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"October 10, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a little article about sources where the patronyms have been left out and the consequences this has for searching the Digital Archives. I was looking for one of my foremothers In \u00c5sane localparish in Hordaland county. Thanks to the outstanding \"bygdebok\" published for the area, I knew her\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Brite-results.jpg?fit=1003%2C733&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Brite-results.jpg?fit=1003%2C733&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Brite-results.jpg?fit=1003%2C733&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Brite-results.jpg?fit=1003%2C733&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3706,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/lets-wring-the-census-records\/","url_meta":{"origin":3927,"position":3},"title":"Let’s wring the census records","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"May 7, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"It is smart to study closely every person in a household when you study the census records. Note! The graphics in this post show the pre June 2017 version of Digitalarkivet. I have chosen to not spend time updating these as the main purpose is to make you aware of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Digarchivetranscrecord-e1508597365912.jpg?fit=590%2C445&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Digarchivetranscrecord-e1508597365912.jpg?fit=590%2C445&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Digarchivetranscrecord-e1508597365912.jpg?fit=590%2C445&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4546,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/witnesses-as-an-clues-to-relationship\/","url_meta":{"origin":3927,"position":4},"title":"Witnesses as clues to relationship","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"May 16, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The witnesses to an event, can be the clues we need to break through a brickwall Everyone who search for ancestors in Norway notices and sometimes despair at the many similar names that appeare in the records. Things does not get easier as they changed their last part of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640-e1508596764395.jpg?fit=593%2C445&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640-e1508596764395.jpg?fit=593%2C445&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640-e1508596764395.jpg?fit=593%2C445&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2961,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/how-i-record-norwegian-locations\/","url_meta":{"origin":3927,"position":5},"title":"How I record Norwegian locations","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"October 25, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is an article about how I record locations in my genealogy software. Also a little bit about dates. Before you start to read you might want to look at my article How I record person names. Note \"the three R's of recording\" You might also find some useful information\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Norwegian concepts"","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian concepts","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-concepts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/norway-954930_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/norway-954930_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/norway-954930_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3927"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8492,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3927\/revisions\/8492"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}