{"id":195,"date":"2016-01-28T00:22:38","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T23:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=195"},"modified":"2021-06-25T19:28:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-25T17:28:51","slug":"what-is-a-bygdebok-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a \u00abbygdebok\u00bb?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When you get into Norwegian genealogy, it does not take long before you come across the word \u201cBygdebok\u201d <!--more-->or plural \u201cBygdeb\u00f8ker\u201d. In international genealogy forums, I have even seen the \u201cNorwenglish\u201d word \u201cBygdebook(s)\u201d be used.<\/p>\n<p>Helped by various sources, I will try to explain what the \u201cbygdebok\u201d is, what we can expect to find in them, and things we need to be aware of when buying\/borrowing and using these books. In this article, I will use the word Bygdebok (pl. Bygdeb\u00f8ker).<\/p>\n<p>Bygdeb\u00f8ker is a very diverse genre. I am trying to cover all bases, so I hope you will stick with me to the end.<\/p>\n<p>There may be many different ways to title bygdeb\u00f8ker; \u201cBygdebok for X\u201d e.g. \u201cBygdebok for Lesja\u201d, \u201cSoga om X\u201d e.g. \u201cSoga om Gloppen og Breim\u201d or simply \u201cX-boka\u201d e.g. \u201cHitraboka\u201d. There are also many other ways to title these books, but to all intents and purposes, they are what we call bygdeb\u00f8ker. As far as I know, there is no Norwegian bygdeb\u00f8ker published in any other language than Norwegian. If you don&#8217;t read Norwegian, you may still get some useful information from this article as several people own bygdeb\u00f8ker and volunteer to do lookups (I am one of them). You can also use online services like Google to translate shorter passages.<\/p>\n<p>Some books are kalled &#8220;\u00e6ttebok&#8221; E.g. &#8220;\u00c6ttebok for Kyrkjeb\u00f8&#8221;. These most often belong in the same genre as bygdeb\u00f8ker. There are, however some books that use &#8220;\u00e6ttebok&#8221; in the title that tells about one specific family.<\/p>\n<p>The first bygdeb\u00f8ker in Norway was written in the early 1900s. Since then a large number of books have been published (Sandnes 1975:20). I tried to estimate how many there actually are, but I very soon gave up. No other country can boast such a large catalog of bygdeb\u00f8ker.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"203\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/bygdebok-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?fit=425%2C425&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"425,425\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 50D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1450210199&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;18&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bygdebok\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?fit=425%2C425&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-203 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?resize=269%2C269&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bygdebok\" width=\"269\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?w=425&amp;ssl=1 425w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is a bygdebok?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The short explanation is that a bygdebok is a book that presents local-historical information about a certain geographical area. In this context, I consider \u201ca certain geographical area\u201d to be smaller than a county.<\/p>\n<p>There are no set rules as to how a bygdebok should be organized and what it should contain. There are many different ways this has been done over the years. In general, we divide the books into three categories (Sandnes 1975:24):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General local history<\/strong> arranged in chronological order.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A topical history<\/strong> where different parts cover local topics such as geology, language (dialects), education, church-life, clothing, handicrafts, music, etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Farm and family history<\/strong> where the different farms and the people who live(ed) there are presented. This usually covers the people on the farm starting as far back as the sources permit and follows this property, often up until right before printing that book.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The town history books are also interesting to the genealogist and they belong in these local historical categories. It is strange, though, to call them bygdeb\u00f8ker as the Norwegian word \u201cbygd\u201d refers to a rural area. The town-history books mainly belong in the two first categories. Only two books can be placed in the third category. These are <em>R\u00f8rosboka <\/em>and <em>Kristiansands bebyggelse og befolkning I eldre tider. <\/em>Both books are published in several volumes (Sandnes 1975:31) My source for this is a bit old, but I have not been able to find other town-history books organized in such a manner.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The \u201cFarm and family books\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a genealogist, you may find interesting information both in the general-, and the topical history books. Initially, it is the farm and family history books that are the most exciting to look through. If we are lucky we may find a lot of valuable information about our ancestors. One word of caution though; In some of the older books, the people that were not part of the farm family\/household(s) might not be included (Dyrvik 1998:149). This means that cotters (husmenn), lodgers (inderster), paupers (legdslemmer), servants\/farmhands (tjenere\/tjenestejenter\/drenger) and others may not be found in the book. \u00a0In newer books, it is usually the intention to include every person who has lived in the area the book covers (Kjelland 2015). \u00a0I will return to this question below as I discuss the quality of the information found in bygdeb\u00f8ker.<\/p>\n<p>For the rest of this article, <u>I will focus on the farm and family books<\/u>. I will continue to refer to them as bygdebok (pl. bygdeb\u00f8ker).<\/p>\n<h5><strong>How is the area covered by a bygdebok defined?<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>This question has been and still is a problem for the authors. Administrative borders are in some cases just lines drawn on a map. They may not tell much about the communities, in the true meaning of the word. Where did the people go to attend church, to trade, or to find spouses? With whom did they socialize? (Sandnes 1994:10)<\/p>\n<p>These questions are still relevant in modern times where the farm has been reduced, and the owner is perhaps just a part-time farmer. Most of the farmland might have been turned into residential areas where the car quickly brings the residents to work, friends, and activities in other parts of the municipality or in the nearest town (Fladby 1973:92)<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"202\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/bygdebok2-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-1-e1508597752202.jpg?fit=449%2C391&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"449,391\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 50D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1450209959&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;23&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"bygdebok2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-1-e1508597752202.jpg?fit=449%2C391&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-202 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-1.jpg?resize=300%2C261&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"bygdebok2\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" \/>One may ask how much of a problem this really is? If the book is a mere transcription and listing of the sources, it might not have that much relevance. On the other hand, if the author wants to bring the sources to life through thorough discussions about the people&#8217;s lives, we can easily see that what area was chosen to be covered by the book is highly significant (Fladby 1973:92).<\/p>\n<p>As we study different bygdeb\u00f8ker we see that the problem has been solved in many different ways. Some books list the farm alphabetically based on the name. This means that neighboring farms might end up in different volumes. Some books go by the farm number (Gardsnummer) starting with number one in the municipality. This does to a larger extent keep neighboring farms together. Some books are defined by a general idea of a community, like a village or a hamlet and some are defined by a geographical feature as a valley, bay, or island.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I have tried to place the different bygdeb\u00f8ker into some very generalized categories based on the size of the area they cover.<\/p>\n<p>There are books that cover<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a district. (Two or more municipalities)<\/li>\n<li>one municipality (kommune)<\/li>\n<li>a parish (prestegjeld)<\/li>\n<li>a sub-parish (sogn)<\/li>\n<li>smaller areas that cannot be defined within the categories above like a village or hamlet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Books in any of the categories can be published in one or more volumes. In the larger areas, the likelihood for multiple volumes is greater. A book in the last four categories can be either an independent work or part of a series of volumes belonging to a \u201chigher (bigger area) category\u201d. Books in any of the categories may also be divided into different volumes by period.<\/p>\n<p>Just to throw in some extra confusion we should note that the area the book covers is probably based on the borders as they were at the time the book was printed. These might not be the same as today.<\/p>\n<p>If your ancestors owned their farm (var selveiere) through the centuries, you most likely will find several generations in the same book. If your ancestors were renters (leiglendinger\/bykslere) or cotters (husmenn) they might have moved around a bit and, if they are mentioned at all, they, their parents, and their children might appear in different volumes<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Some time ago someone on an on-line genealogy-forum shared a link to an auction where one volume of \u201cBygdebok for Nesset\u201d was for sale.\u00a0 I felt obligated to point out that the municipality of Nesset has published 11 volumes of their bygdebok. It would be too bad if someone paid the fairly high asking price and ended up with a book that didn&#8217;t mention a word about their ancestors.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h5><strong>What can we find in family and farm books?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>I have already suggested that initially, it is the farm and family books that might be the most interesting for the genealogist. You find these organized in many different ways.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier I wrote that there are no set rules as to how a bygdebok should be organized. That is the reason why you will find a whole variety of layouts. Even though I am trying to give you a detailed description of what you can expect from bygdeb\u00f8ker, I have to generalize a bit with the farm and family books.<\/p>\n<p>The book may have an introduction to the geographical area. Then follows the farms listed one of many different ways as mentioned above.<\/p>\n<p>There is often an introduction to each farm stating the farm number (Gardsnummer, abbr. G.nr.) and the borders of the farm. Sometimes a little bit about the etymology of the farm name. Some books may tell about the natural resources at the farm. There may be information about the taxation of the farm. There might be presented any kind of additional information relating to the farm. This might be a court case or reference to a natural disaster that hit the farm. Unfortunately, much of the information is often presented in a summarized fashion as the author often doesn&#8217;t have the time and space to put it into a context and make it really interesting. The Norwegian historian Arnfinn Kjelland who has written, and been a consultant, for several bygdeb\u00f8ker describe this as sometimes being a problem due to time-, and budget limits put in place by the producer of the book(s) (Kjelland 2015).<\/p>\n<p>After the introduction of the farm, the sub-divisions (bruk) are listed in numerical order starting with number one (Bruksnummer 1 abbr. Br.nr 1). Here the different people who have lived at the farm are listed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-201\" style=\"width: 475px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/bygdebok3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?fit=475%2C479&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"475,479\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;CanoScan 8800F&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1450733341&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bygdebok3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?fit=475%2C479&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-201 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?resize=475%2C479&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bygdebok3\" width=\"475\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?w=475&amp;ssl=1 475w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok3.jpg?resize=297%2C300&amp;ssl=1 297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of a page from Norddal bygdebok<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Can we trust the information we find in bygdeb\u00f8ker?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>This is a very difficult question to answer due to the variety of the books. I will give you a few things to consider when you look at a bygdebok.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are no formal requirements for people who want to write a bygdebok. Earlier the work often started as a labor of love by someone interested in local history. Today there are many well-educated historians who write bygdeb\u00f8ker. If the author is not a historian, the book project is usually supervised by one. Based on this, one can say that, in general, newer books are better than older ones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Even with database software, it is a formidable task to keep track of all the people who have lived in the area over the last 400+ years. As I mentioned above; cotters (husmenn), lodgers (inderster), paupers (legdslemmer), servants\/farmhands (tjenere\/tjenestejenter\/drenger) and others may be hard to track as they often moved a lot within the area (Kjelland 2015). Hans Hanson Berg may be the same person who, a couple of years later, is listed as Hans Hanson Dal. If he was a farmhand, he might have changed his workplace. <a href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/norwegian-naming\/\">(See my article about Norwegian naming)<\/a>. In addition, they often left very few tracks in the archives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Many bygdeb\u00f8ker is, in parts, based on information provided by the people in the area (Kjelland 2015). We know how easy it is to get names and dates mixed up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>I would be very suspicious about books that draw the genealogies much beyond the year 1600 \u2013 1550. Before this the sources were scarce and many of them have questionable quality. \u00a0If this is a frequent occurrence in the book, it may and may indicate poor quality of the information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Bygdeb\u00f8ker is, of course, a transcribed (secondary) source.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any of the above-listed points may introduce errors, and we do, from time to time, find errors in bygdeb\u00f8ker.\u00a0 You should always check the information you find in bygdeb\u00f8ker with a primary source such as church records or other primary sources.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>How can you obtain a bygdebok?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Newer bygdeb\u00f8ker can be purchased by contacting the municipality where they are published. Older books can be harder to find. I use to search a chain of antiquarian book stores at <a href=\"http:\/\/antikvariat.net\/\">http:\/\/antikvariat.net<\/a>. Sometimes books come up for sale at online auctions.<\/p>\n<p>You may find Bygdeb\u00f8ker for sale at<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblio.com\/search.php?author&amp;title=Bygdebok&amp;keyisbn\"> Biblio.com<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bookfinder.com\/search\/?author=&amp;title=Bygdebok&amp;lang=any&amp;isbn=&amp;new_used=*&amp;destination=no&amp;currency=USD&amp;mode=basic&amp;st=sr&amp;ac=qr\">BookFinder.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>There are a number of larger libraries in the USA that have bygdeb\u00f8ker in their collections. You may check with your local library if they can arrange an inter-library loan.<\/p>\n<p>The Norwegian-American Genealogical Center and Naeseth Library in Madison, Wisconsin, USA have a large collection of Bygdeboker. The staff is knowledgeable and helpful.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nagcnl.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=no&amp;q=http:\/\/www.nagcnl.org&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1520521488909000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEyFpeOTQ77yex25K2j7t6rTQ5W-g\">www.nagcnl.org<\/a>\u00a0is the website.<\/p>\n<p>The Family History Library in Salt Lake City has a large collection of farm books, also.<\/p>\n<p>There are bygdeb\u00f8ker available online. Unfortunately, many of them are presented through the National Library&#8217;s online collection. These are only accessible for Norwegian IP addresses.<\/p>\n<p>There is a small number of <a href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/index.php\/2017\/01\/31\/bygdeboker-available-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bygdeb\u00f8ker available outside the National Library.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>As you can see, the bygdeb\u00f8ker is a highly varied genre. By being detailed in the description, I hope I have been able to prepare you for some of the confusion and frustration that you may experience when trying to find the books you want. As a consolation I can tell you that it is often difficult for us Norwegians too, even we are somewhat prepared for what to expect.<\/p>\n<p>I hope you find this information useful.\u00a0 Don&#8217;t hesitate to contact me or comment below if you have questions or comments on this topic. There may be things that should be added or things that need clarification.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Sources:<\/h5>\n<p>Dyrvik, St\u00e5le: \u201cDemografi og slektshistorie\u201d in \u00a0<em>Slekt og lokalsamfunn, <\/em>ed.\u00a0Harald Winge 148 &#8211; 159. Oslo: Norsk lokalhistorisk institutt 1998<\/p>\n<p>Fladby, Rolf: \u201cBehandlingen av de sm\u00e5 enheter I bygdesamfunnet\u201d in <em>Lokalhistorie fr\u00e5 gard til tettsted,\u00a0<\/em>ed. Rolf Fladby, Steinar Imsen 90 &#8211; 98. Oslo Cappelen. \u00a01973<\/p>\n<p>Kjelland, Arnfinn: \u201cBygdeb\u00f8ker som slektshistoriske kjelder&#8221; Online lecture. Slektsgransking SLG121MOOC. H\u00f8gskulen i Volda, Fall semester 2015 (My notes)<\/p>\n<p>Sandnes, J\u00f8rn: \u201cH\u00e5ndbok I lokalhistorie \u2013 Faget og metodene\u201d Oslo: Universitetsforlaget 1994<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When you get into Norwegian genealogy, it does not take long before you come across the word \u201cBygdebok\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norwegian-sources"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a \u00abbygdebok\u00bb? - Norwegian Genealogy and then some<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is a \u00abbygdebok\u00bb?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you get into Norwegian genealogy, it does not take long before you come across the word \u201cBygdebok\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Norwegian Genealogy and then some\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MartinRoeEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MartinRoeEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-27T23:22:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-25T17:28:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-e1508597874478.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"449\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"391\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/MEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MEidhammer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Martin Roe Eidhammer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c88ba0bf75121593e21bc58cfda26790\"},\"headline\":\"What is a \u00abbygdebok\u00bb?\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-27T23:22:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-25T17:28:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2367,\"commentCount\":5,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c88ba0bf75121593e21bc58cfda26790\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/bygdebok2-e1508597874478.jpg?fit=449%2C391&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Norwegian Sources\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinroe.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-bygdebok-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is a \u00abbygdebok\u00bb? 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If you are not familiar with the term \"bygdebok\/bygdeb\u00f8ker\", you might want to take a look at my article \"What is a bygdebok?\" In this article, you should note my word of caution about using \"bygdeb\u00f8ker\". Some of you might know that there are\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Norwegian Sources&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-1-e1508597752202.jpg?fit=449%2C391&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9536,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/bygdeboker-available-online-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":195,"position":1},"title":"Bygdeb\u00f8ker Available Online (Outside the National Library)","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"October 21, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This is a curated list of Norwegian bygdeb\u00f8ker (local history and genealogy books) that are freely available online outside the National Library of Norway (Nasjonalbiblioteket).As some of you will know, the Norwegian National Library's collection is accessible only from a Norwegian IP address. The titles collected here are hosted by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Norwegian Sources&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bygdebok2-1-e1508597752202.jpg?fit=449%2C391&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9268,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/bygdeboker-in-american-libraries\/","url_meta":{"origin":195,"position":2},"title":"Bygdeb\u00f8ker in American libraries","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"December 11, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a list of libraries across North America that hold Norwegian bygdeb\u00f8ker, i.e., local farm and family history books, in their collections. If you are not familiar with\u00a0bygdeb\u00f8ker, you might want to have a look at my article What is a bygdebok. You may also find what you are\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Norwegian Sources&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bygdeboker-i-America.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":10301,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/when-two-oles-share-a-birthday\/","url_meta":{"origin":195,"position":3},"title":"When Two Oles Share a Birthday","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 7, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Avoiding the wrong ancestor in your family tree can be harder than it looks, even when you feel you have \u201csolid\u201d facts in front of you. A recent conversation with a reader reminded me just how easy it is to latch onto the first promising candidate and build an entire\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case studies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case studies","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/examples-from-norwegian-records\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Ole-Johnsen.jpg?fit=685%2C457&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Ole-Johnsen.jpg?fit=685%2C457&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Ole-Johnsen.jpg?fit=685%2C457&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5678,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/a-brief-introduction-to-genealogy\/","url_meta":{"origin":195,"position":4},"title":"A brief introduction to genealogy","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"January 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a brief introduction to Norwegian genealogy. A new year means new beginnings. Be it a New Year's resolution or simply the inspiration from the blank pages in our new day planner. This introduction to Norwegian genealogy is mainly aimed at those who have not yet, or just recently\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Getting started \/ Your first steps&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Getting started \/ Your first steps","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/starting-with-genealogy\/getting-started-your-first-steps\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Introduction-to-Norwegian-genealogy.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":547,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/bygdeboker-are-made-searchable-at-familysearch-org\/","url_meta":{"origin":195,"position":5},"title":"Bygdeb\u00f8ker are made searchable at Familysearch.org.","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 5, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Going to the FamilySearch.com webpage \"Search Genealogies\"\u00a0 you can search family\u00a0trees submitted by users based on\u00a0Norwegian bygdeb\u00f8ker. \u00a0 These \"trees\"\u00a0are developed\u00a0by using Norwegian bygdeb\u00f8ker,\u00a0while checking these against other sources,\u00a0thus linking all the families in the village\u00a0together in\u00a0\"community trees\". For now they are done with 40 books, but when they are\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Norwegian Sources&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Norwegian Sources","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/norwegian-genealogy\/norwegian-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Bygdebok-1.jpg?fit=425%2C425&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8342,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions\/8342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}