{"id":10880,"date":"2026-05-21T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/?p=10880"},"modified":"2026-05-21T14:08:54","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T13:08:54","slug":"a-simple-norwegian-genealogy-proof-checklist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/a-simple-norwegian-genealogy-proof-checklist\/","title":{"rendered":"A simple Norwegian genealogy proof checklist"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"282\"><em data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"282\">What must be true before you attach parents?<\/em> If you&#8217;re looking for guidance, a-simple-norwegian-genealogy-proof-checklist can help ensure you cover all the essentials.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"1094\">One of the quickest ways to derail an otherwise good Norwegian family tree is to attach parents too early\u2014especially in communities where patronymics repeat, farm names are used as addresses, and several people with the same name live side by side. A dependable antidote is to treat every parent-child link as a conclusion that must meet a minimum standard of proof, rather than a hopeful click. In genealogy, a commonly used framework is the <strong data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"756\">Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)<\/strong>, which emphasizes (1) reasonably exhaustive research, (2) complete and accurate citations, (3) analysis and correlation, (4) resolution of conflicting evidence, and (5) a soundly reasoned written conclusion. (Board for Certification of Genealogists [BCG], n.d.; <em data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1048\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1207\">Below, I have made an attempt at a practical, Norway-friendly checklist you can run every time you\u2019re tempted to attach parents.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1209\" data-end=\"1212\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1247\">The \u201cattach parents\u201d checklist<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1290\">1) You have a clear research question<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1363\">Write the question you are trying to answer\u2014plain English, no guesswork:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1495\">\n<p data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1495\">\u201cWho were the parents of <strong data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1402\">[Name]<\/strong>, born about <strong data-start=\"1415\" data-end=\"1425\">[year]<\/strong>, associated with <strong data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1459\">[place\/farm]<\/strong>, later found in <strong data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1493\">[later place]<\/strong>?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"1497\" data-end=\"1789\">This keeps you from collecting records that belong to the wrong person and helps you recognize when you have \u201cenough\u201d to decide. The GPS is question-driven: you prove an identity or relationship by answering a specific problem with evidence. (BCG, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1878\"><strong data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1803\">Pass if:<\/strong> you can describe <em data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1828\">which<\/em> person you mean without using the parents\u2019 names. (you\u2019re not <em data-start=\"56\" data-end=\"118\">defining the person by the conclusion you\u2019re trying to prove)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1880\" data-end=\"1883\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1942\">2) <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4561\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/witnesses-as-an-clues-to-relationship\/baptismal-font-869128_640\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640-e1508596764395.jpg?fit=593%2C445&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"593,445\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.1&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DIGILUX 2&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;13&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"baptismal-font-869128_640\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640-e1508596764395.jpg?fit=593%2C445&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-4561\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/baptismal-font-869128_640.jpg?resize=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/>You can identify the person as a unique individual<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1943\" data-end=\"2046\">In Norwegian research, identity is usually established by a <strong data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2024\">bundle of details<\/strong>, not a single record.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2094\"><strong data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2094\">Identity anchors (use as many as you can):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2364\">\n<li data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2133\">\n<p data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2133\">Exact\/near <strong data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2133\">birth or baptism date<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2200\">\n<p data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2200\"><strong data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2159\">Residence\/farm name<\/strong> (as a place label, not a modern surname)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2241\">\n<p data-start=\"2203\" data-end=\"2241\"><strong data-start=\"2203\" data-end=\"2222\">Age consistency<\/strong> across life events<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2304\">\n<p data-start=\"2244\" data-end=\"2304\">Occupation\/status (e.g., <em data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2278\">husmann<\/em>, <em data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2289\">inderst<\/em>, <em data-start=\"2291\" data-end=\"2303\">g\u00e5rdbruker<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2364\">\n<p data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2364\">Spouse and children whose names\/dates match later records<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2366\" data-end=\"2573\">This supports the GPS requirement to <strong data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2428\">analyze and correlate<\/strong> information rather than relying on one attractive match. (BCG, n.d.; <em data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2527\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2675\"><strong data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2587\">Pass if:<\/strong> you can separate your person from same-name neighbors without saying \u201cit seems likely.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2677\" data-end=\"2680\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2747\">3) You\u2019ve traced the person across at least three life events<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2748\" data-end=\"2849\">Norway rewards the traditional \u201clife-course\u201d method: don\u2019t build a parent link from one record alone.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2859\">Aim for:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2860\" data-end=\"2998\">\n<li data-start=\"2860\" data-end=\"2881\">\n<p data-start=\"2862\" data-end=\"2881\">Baptism\/birth entry<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2882\" data-end=\"2896\">\n<p data-start=\"2884\" data-end=\"2896\">Confirmation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"2907\">\n<p data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"2907\">Marriage<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2908\" data-end=\"2929\">\n<p data-start=\"2910\" data-end=\"2929\">Children\u2019s baptisms<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2930\" data-end=\"2998\">\n<p data-start=\"2932\" data-end=\"2998\">Burial\/death<br data-start=\"2944\" data-end=\"2947\" \/>\u2026and add a census\/household listing when available.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3186\">This is part of \u201creasonably exhaustive research\u201d\u2014you reduce the risk that a later discovery overturns a hasty conclusion. (BCG, n.d.; Harner, 2025).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3286\"><strong data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3200\">Pass if:<\/strong> your timeline is coherent and doesn\u2019t require the person to be in two places at once.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3286\"><em>Note: in some censuses you can find the same person registered twice. On his\/her permanent place of living, often recorded as &#8220;currently at&#8230;.&#8221;, and the place where the person is found at the exact time of the census taking.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3291\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3293\" data-end=\"3367\">4) You understand what each source <em data-start=\"3332\" data-end=\"3336\">is<\/em> (and what it can safely prove)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3515\">A key GPS habit is weighting evidence: Who created the record, when, and how close to the event? (BCG, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3517\" data-end=\"3534\">A practical rule:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3535\" data-end=\"3756\">\n<li data-start=\"3535\" data-end=\"3643\">\n<p data-start=\"3537\" data-end=\"3643\">Prefer records created <strong data-start=\"3560\" data-end=\"3578\">near the event<\/strong> (baptism for birth details; marriage record for marital status).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3756\">\n<p data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3756\">Treat later records (some death entries, some census details, compiled trees) as <strong data-start=\"3727\" data-end=\"3736\">clues<\/strong> until corroborated.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3758\" data-end=\"3827\"><strong data-start=\"3758\" data-end=\"3770\">Pass if:<\/strong> you can explain why one detail is stronger than another.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3829\" data-end=\"3832\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3834\" data-end=\"3886\">5) You\u2019ve searched beyond the easy database hits<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"4142\">The Digitalarkivet has many <strong data-start=\"3915\" data-end=\"3930\">transcribed<\/strong> church-book entries, but not\u00a0all church books are searchable; you often must work with the <strong data-start=\"4041\" data-end=\"4062\">scanned originals<\/strong>. (Digitalarkivet, n.d.; Eidhammer, 2016).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4197\">For Norwegian parentage, \u201creasonable\u201d often includes:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4198\" data-end=\"4507\">\n<li data-start=\"4198\" data-end=\"4263\">\n<p data-start=\"4200\" data-end=\"4263\">Baptism entry (and any parallel\/duplicate register if relevant)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4264\" data-end=\"4284\">\n<p data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4284\">Confirmation entry<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4302\">\n<p data-start=\"4287\" data-end=\"4302\">Marriage record<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4344\">\n<p data-start=\"4305\" data-end=\"4344\">Children\u2019s baptisms (and sponsor lists)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4345\" data-end=\"4388\">\n<p data-start=\"4347\" data-end=\"4388\">Censuses\/household lists (when available)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4444\">\n<p data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4444\">Probate (<em data-start=\"4400\" data-end=\"4408\">skifte<\/em>) when the family is traceable there<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4445\" data-end=\"4507\">\n<p data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4507\">Moving in\/out lists (<em data-start=\"4468\" data-end=\"4492\">innflyttede\/utflyttede<\/em>) when relevant<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4509\" data-end=\"4656\">This aligns with the GPS requirement for a search broad enough that you\u2019re not blindsided later. (BCG, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4759\"><strong data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4670\">Pass if:<\/strong> you\u2019ve checked the main record types that could <em data-start=\"4719\" data-end=\"4742\">confirm or contradict<\/em> your conclusion.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4761\" data-end=\"4764\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4766\" data-end=\"4824\">6) The proposed parents fit the timeline and geography<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4825\" data-end=\"4862\">Do the common-sense checks\u2014carefully:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"5136\">\n<li data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4910\">\n<p data-start=\"4865\" data-end=\"4910\">Are the parents <b>in the right age<\/b>\u00a0to be parents?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4911\" data-end=\"4969\">\n<p data-start=\"4913\" data-end=\"4969\">Are they in the <strong data-start=\"4929\" data-end=\"4950\">right parish\/area<\/strong> at the right time?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5053\">\n<p data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"5053\">Do residence\/farm references make sense as <strong data-start=\"5015\" data-end=\"5024\">moves<\/strong> rather than \u201cteleportation\u201d?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5054\" data-end=\"5136\">\n<p data-start=\"5056\" data-end=\"5136\">Do other children\u2019s births (spacing, naming patterns, residence) look plausible?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5138\" data-end=\"5346\">These checks are part of <strong data-start=\"5163\" data-end=\"5191\">analysis and correlation<\/strong>\u2014you are testing whether the whole body of evidence hangs together. (BCG, n.d.; <em data-start=\"5271\" data-end=\"5300\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5348\" data-end=\"5436\"><strong data-start=\"5348\" data-end=\"5360\">Pass if:<\/strong> the parents fit naturally into the person\u2019s story without special pleading.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5438\" data-end=\"5441\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5443\" data-end=\"5506\">7) You have at least one link that is more than \u201csame name\u201d<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5507\" data-end=\"5592\">Attaching parents should rest on <strong data-start=\"5540\" data-end=\"5565\">relationship evidence<\/strong>, not just a matching name.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5594\" data-end=\"5640\">Stronger Norway-typical link patterns include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5641\" data-end=\"5961\">\n<li data-start=\"5641\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5643\" data-end=\"5687\">Baptism explicitly names parents + residence<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5688\" data-end=\"5756\">\n<p data-start=\"5690\" data-end=\"5756\">Confirmation ties the youth to the same parental\/residence pattern<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5809\">\n<p data-start=\"5759\" data-end=\"5809\">Marriage record supports the same identity anchors<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"5879\">\n<p data-start=\"5812\" data-end=\"5879\">Probate (<em data-start=\"5821\" data-end=\"5829\">skifte<\/em>) naming children\/heirs (excellent when available)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5880\" data-end=\"5961\">\n<p data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5961\">Repeating sponsor\/witness patterns that connect to the suspected family network<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5963\" data-end=\"6139\">This is exactly what GPS means by <strong data-start=\"5997\" data-end=\"6012\">correlation<\/strong>: multiple independent pieces pointing to the same conclusion. (BCG, n.d.; Harner, 2025).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6268\"><strong data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6153\">Pass if:<\/strong> at least one piece of evidence connects the child to that couple in a way that would be hard to explain otherwise.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6270\" data-end=\"6273\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6275\" data-end=\"6320\">8) You have resolved conflicts\u2014on purpose<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6407\">Conflicting evidence is normal. Ignoring it is what causes bad parent links to spread.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6409\" data-end=\"6436\">Common Norwegian conflicts:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6437\" data-end=\"6609\">\n<li data-start=\"6437\" data-end=\"6479\">\n<p data-start=\"6439\" data-end=\"6479\">Ages drifting by 1\u20135 years across events<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6480\" data-end=\"6526\">\n<p data-start=\"6482\" data-end=\"6526\">Farm names used as shifting residence labels<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6527\" data-end=\"6563\">\n<p data-start=\"6529\" data-end=\"6563\">Spelling variation in names\/places<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6564\" data-end=\"6609\">\n<p data-start=\"6566\" data-end=\"6609\">Two same-name candidates in the same parish<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6611\" data-end=\"6789\">GPS expects you to resolve conflicts or explain why a conclusion still holds despite them. (BCG, n.d.; <em data-start=\"6714\" data-end=\"6743\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6791\" data-end=\"6858\"><strong data-start=\"6791\" data-end=\"6803\">Pass if:<\/strong> you can list the conflicts and explain your reasoning.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6860\" data-end=\"6863\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6865\" data-end=\"6950\">9) Your citations are complete enough that someone else can find the exact record<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6951\" data-end=\"7071\">GPS explicitly requires <strong data-start=\"6975\" data-end=\"7017\">complete and accurate source citations<\/strong>. (BCG, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7073\" data-end=\"7396\">For Norwegian church books online, it\u2019s good practice to capture stable links and enough detail (parish, book, page\/entry, image view) so another researcher can land on the same record. This is also a practical theme in guidance on citing Norwegian church-book images. (Mills, 2015).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7398\" data-end=\"7487\"><strong data-start=\"7398\" data-end=\"7410\">Pass if:<\/strong> a stranger could re-find your exact record image and entry without guessing.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7489\" data-end=\"7492\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"7494\" data-end=\"7554\">10) You can write a short proof summary (5\u201310 sentences)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7555\" data-end=\"7817\">The GPS isn\u2019t finished until you can state a coherent, reasoned conclusion in writing. BCG specifically emphasizes a \u201csoundly reasoned, coherently written conclusion,\u201d and offers guidance on proof arguments. (BCG, n.d.-a).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7847\">Your summary should include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7848\" data-end=\"8022\">\n<li data-start=\"7848\" data-end=\"7887\">\n<p data-start=\"7850\" data-end=\"7887\">Identity anchors (who this person is)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7888\" data-end=\"7940\">\n<p data-start=\"7890\" data-end=\"7940\">Which records connect them to the proposed parents<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7941\" data-end=\"7977\">\n<p data-start=\"7943\" data-end=\"7977\">How you ruled out other candidates<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7978\" data-end=\"8005\">\n<p data-start=\"7980\" data-end=\"8005\">How you handled conflicts<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8006\" data-end=\"8022\">\n<p data-start=\"8008\" data-end=\"8022\">The conclusion<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"8024\" data-end=\"8074\"><strong data-start=\"8024\" data-end=\"8036\">Pass if:<\/strong> you can write it without hand-waving.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"8024\" data-end=\"8074\"><em data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"282\"><a href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Attach-Parents-Proof-Checklist.pdf\">\u201cAttach Parents\u201d Proof Checklist<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>is a downloadable document you can use as you go through these steps.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8076\" data-end=\"8079\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8081\" data-end=\"8111\">A traditional rule of thumb<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8112\" data-end=\"8576\">If you only have <strong data-start=\"8129\" data-end=\"8143\">one record<\/strong> that \u201clooks right,\u201d don\u2019t attach parents\u2014label them as a <strong data-start=\"8201\" data-end=\"8215\">hypothesis<\/strong> and keep searching. If you have a coherent timeline, multiple independent records, conflicts handled, and citations that let others check you, then attaching parents becomes a responsible conclusion rather than a guess. That is the spirit of the proof standard approach. (BCG, n.d.; <em data-start=\"8499\" data-end=\"8528\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>, n.d.).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"10794\">Closing thought<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"10794\">Before you click <strong data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"35\">\u201cAdd parents,\u201d<\/strong> pause and run the checklist one more time. If your person is still only \u201cthe child of\u201d a couple whose names you <em data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"154\">hope<\/em> are right, keep it as a working hypothesis and gather more independent records\u2014confirmation, marriage, sponsors, a move-in\/out entry, or (best of all) a probate. The old way is slower, yes\u2014but it\u2019s how you end up with a tree you can trust, one careful link at a time. Before you click <strong data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"35\">\u201cAdd parents,\u201d<\/strong> pause and run the checklist one more time.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"10794\">Download this checklist to hep you go through the evidence<a href=\"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Attach-Parents-Proof-Checklist.pdf\"> Attach Parents\u201d Proof Checklist<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"10794\">References (APA)<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10796\" data-end=\"10908\">Board for Certification of Genealogists. (n.d.). <em data-start=\"10845\" data-end=\"10867\">Ethics and standards<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10910\" data-end=\"11032\">Board for Certification of Genealogists. (n.d.). <em data-start=\"10959\" data-end=\"10991\">Skillbuilding: Proof arguments<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11034\" data-end=\"11113\">Digitalarkivet. (n.d.). <em data-start=\"11058\" data-end=\"11072\">Church books<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11115\" data-end=\"11227\">Eidhammer, M. R. (2016). <em data-start=\"11140\" data-end=\"11186\">Church records in the \u201cnew\u201d digital archives<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11229\" data-end=\"11371\">Harner, L. (2025). <em data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11291\">The Genealogical Proof Standard in action<\/em> [Handout]. Allen County Public Library.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11373\" data-end=\"11518\">Mills, E. S. (2015). <em data-start=\"11394\" data-end=\"11457\">Citing Norway church books on DigitalArkivet (arkivverket.no)<\/em>. Evidence Explained.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11520\" data-end=\"11614\"><em data-start=\"11520\" data-end=\"11549\">Genealogical Proof Standard<\/em>. (n.d.). In <em data-start=\"11562\" data-end=\"11573\">Wikipedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What must be true before you attach parents? 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It\u2019s Arkivverket\u2019s (the National Archives of Norway) public publishing platform for digitised and transcribed archive material, and it\u2019s free to use. What is Digitalarkivet? Think of Digitalarkivet as two things in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;For beginners&quot;","block_context":{"text":"For beginners","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/for-beginners\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Digitalarkiven-for-Norwegian-genealogy.jpg?fit=457%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8834,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/lets-do-it-right-the-first-time-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":10880,"position":4},"title":"Let&#8217;s do it right the first time","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"February 27, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"A brief look at the recording of sources. This article has previously been published on this blog. I'm a bit mad at myself right now, but actually, I shouldn't be as I didn't know better at the time I made my mistakes. About 25 years ago I started to record\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Genealogy (general)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Genealogy (general)","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/chains-919058_640.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3328,"url":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/friday-finds-genealogical-proof-standard\/","url_meta":{"origin":10880,"position":5},"title":"Friday finds: Genealogical Proof Standard","author":"Martin Roe Eidhammer","date":"November 11, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"This week I have looked into the Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS) I touched on this topic a few weeks ago when I wrote about the use of proper sources. This week I have looked into how we evaluate these sources to prove the connections we make in our family tree.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Genealogy (general)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Genealogy (general)","link":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/category\/genealogy-general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crime-999066_640.png?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crime-999066_640.png?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crime-999066_640.png?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10880"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11676,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10880\/revisions\/11676"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinroe.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}